What If You Don’t Know Your Future Income?

A Twin Cities connection of mine, Jerrid Sebesta, is a fellow hard-core money mastering fool like myself.  He’s also a meteorologist.  Why anyone would study meteors is beyond me.  They’re too fast…and haven’t you seen what will happen to Earth some day?  Just ask Bruce Willis and Morgan Freeman.

“ooh how I wish it would rain down…”

Jerrid is also a guest-blogger who contributes to the Life & Money section of momslikeme.com. His most recent articles on personal finance touch on the dreaded “B” word, a topic I’ve written about quite a bit as well.  In an article entitled, Budget Basics, Jerrid shows you a simple spreadsheet budget for the average income earner, whereby every penny is spent before the month begins.

If you aren’t familiar with this concept, get familiar.  It’s critical to your financial success.  Before you start your month, you need to assign a destination for all of your money, yielding a zero balance before the month starts.  In other words, if you make $4000.00 net in one month, all $4000.00 needs to be given a name and a place.  This will help you avoid the “too much month at the end of your money” problem, as Dave Ramsey says.

But what happens to your budget when you don’t have a regular income?  How do you assign your money to an expense plan if you’re 100% commissioned?  It’s easier than you’d think.  In Jerrid’s example, there’s only one thing that I would change, and it’s simply a preference.  I would prioritize the expenses on the spreadsheet.  For all intents and purposes, the result would be the same in his example, so it’s not too much to fret over.

For those of us who don’t know when we’re going to get paid next, it’s critical that we use a prioritized spending budget. It’s pretty much the same concept, and the end result is similar.  The major difference is that with a regular income, you’ll be able to balance your monthly budget so the resulting difference between your income and expense is zero.  In a prioritized spending budget, you’ll probably have a negative number at the bottom of your page until you get paid.  Some months you’ll see a loss, some months you’ll see gains.

Whatever it may be, you’ll need to start by listing your expenses in the order of priority, always starting with the 5 basics in this order:  1) food, 2) utilities, 3) housing, 4) transportation, 5) clothing.  Continue with all of your other expenses as you know them, and then when you’ve got everything written down, begin asking yourself the following question.  “If there was one thing that I absolutely had to spend my money on this month, what would it be?”  Put a #6 next to that thing (you’ve already got #1-5).  Ask the question again, and put a #7 next to that.  Keep going until you reach the end.

If after you cover your basics, you’re out of money, then you need to make some serious changes.  You either need a new job, or you need to lower your housing lifestyle (remember, no more than 25% of your take-home pay.)

Be careful though.  With a prioritized spending plan, it’s much easier to stray from the plan, because you don’t know how much you’re going to make, and you may hit a big sale one month, giving you the false sense that you’ve got all kinds of money.  Don’t fall into that trap.  In fact, when you start to refine your craft to the point of making a regular average income, you can modify your spending plan to reflect a steady figure.

For instance, if in 2009 you were paid $64,000 in commissions erratically in only 4 months out of the entire year, then you can create a baseline target goal of +/- $64,000 for 2010.  Then, because you don’t know if the year will be as good as the previous, write your budget based on a $42,000 annual income, and stick to it, socking away all of the extra money for a rainy day.  If you continue to increase your income over time, you can adjust your “salary” to fit better.

A common mistake people make is to see that big commission check as a huge bonus that they can just spend, because, “hey, I’ll sell the same deal next month.”  Not a good plan.  Tighten your lifestyle so that it doesn’t bleed you dry.

Whether it’s a prioritized budget for the unknown income, or a steady budget for someone who knows how much they’ll be paid every month, having that plan will not only result in financial success, simply knowing the details will alleviate all kinds of stress in the family.  Don’t be frustrated if you don’t get your budget right the first time.  If you do, you’re a superhero.  Trust me, you will make mistakes and it will take a few months to refine it and deal with the various compromises you and your spouse may have to make to dial in a good plan.  Remember, if you’re married, you both have a vote.

The 5 Essentials

This reference article outlines the obvious, but it’s important to understand how often people over look these 5 things when concerns of their credit score is thrown into the mix.

We have 5 essential expenses every month that we must take care of first and foremost, and they can be mixed up into any order of priority as long as they are all handled.

  1. Eat.  You have to eat.  You’re a biological creature and you need food to live.
  2. Clothe yourself.  Don’t want to be caught out in the cold or exposed to the sun, and the rest of society without some basic coverage.
  3. Sleep.  You need to keep a roof over your head.
  4. Lights.  Make sure the household has the proper utilities, at minimum, electricity so you can iron your clothes, and see.
  5. Transportation.  Whether it’s a car or bicycle or walking shoes to get to the subway, make sure you can get to and from work.

These 5 things are at the very top of your budget.  If your income doesn’t even allow you to fulfill these basic requirements, then you either have an income crisis, or most likely, your housing expenses are too high.  I could also be some other form of unnecessary extravagance, like shopping for your food at a high end grocery store or driving too much of a car.  You’ll have to reduce your lifestyle or improve your income.  There’s no other way to do it.

What is a Debt To Income Ratio (DTI)?

You’ll often hear this term used in the mortgage industry to determine whether or not you’ll be able to mortgage your home.  Before anyone loans money to another, it’s important that they know how much of their current gross income is already committed to paying off debt.  The measure of what your monthly obligations are against your income is the Debt to Income Ratio (DTI.)

Here’s an example.  Let’s assume you have a gross income of $50,000 per year, and the only debt you have is your car, which has a monthly payment of $300.00.

Based on this, your monthly gross income is $4,166.00, and your debt obligation is only $300.00.  Since you’re contemplating purchasing a home, and the reason for the DTI calculation is to take a note against your new living arrangements, then we would not include your current monthly housing costs, such as rent, in your monthly obligations, because once you move, they won’t exist anymore.

So, take your monthly debt payments ($300.00) and divide that number by your monthly income ($4,166.00), and you have a Debt to Income ratio of 7.2%.

This is by no means a common scenario, but it’s how the number is calculated.  Most don’t have a clue what this number is, and if you’re someone who intends to save and pay cash for the things in life that you value the most, then DTI won’t mean anything to you, and neither will a credit score.

In the image below, the debt is represented by the 25% housing costs.  In this example, by definition, your Debt to Income ratio would be no higher than 25%, assuming that you have no other debt besides your home mortgage.